无菌实验室的装修细节说明
随着
医疗新技术和新的手术工具的不断涌现，带动了手术量的迅猛上升，而且手术室是
医学技术与工程技术结合的产物，下面来讲讲
手术室建设要求以及手术室感染控制原则是怎样的？
With the continuous emergence of new medical technologies and new surgical tools, the number of operations has increased rapidly. Moreover, the operating room is the product of the combination of medical technology and engineering technology. What are the requirements of the operating room and the principles of infection control in the operating room?
手术室的要求
Operating room requirements
手术室是医院中无菌
洁净要求很严格的地方之一，手术室的建设、布局、工作流程和治理都是围绕无菌要求设计的。
The operating room is one of the places in the hospital with strict aseptic and clean requirements. The construction, layout, work flow and management of the operating room are designed around the aseptic requirements.
手术室又是医疗设备密集的科室，除手术床、
无影灯外，麻醉机、监护、电刀以及自体血回收机、手术显微镜、影像系统等已成为手术常用设备。随着技术的发展，新的手术工具不断涌现，如各类软硬内窥镜下手术、导航设备、立体定位系统、手术机器人等微创手术辅助设备等，如此众多的设备拥挤在手术室内，对设备布局、安装、配电及用电安全提出了更高的要求。
The operating room is also a department with dense medical equipment. In addition to the operating table and shadowless lamp, anesthesia machine, monitoring, electric knife, autologous blood recovery machine, operating microscope and imaging system have become common equipment for surgery. With the development of technology, new surgical tools are constantly emerging, such as various soft and hard endoscopic surgery, navigation equipment, stereo positioning system, surgical robot and other minimally invasive surgical auxiliary equipment. So many equipment are crowded in the operating room, which puts forward higher requirements for equipment layout, installation, power distribution and power safety.
另外，现在各家医院分散建设的导管室、膀胱镜室等，有些也是参照手术室要求建立起来的准手术室。尤其是开展参与治疗的导管室，基本上是严格按照手术室的规范治理和使用，这些科室广义上说也是扩展的手术室。这些准手术室在老医院都是见缝插针式地建设，新建医院应该综合考虑这些科室与常规手术室间的布局安排。
In addition, some of the catheter rooms and cystoscopy rooms scattered in various hospitals are also quasi operating rooms established according to the requirements of operating rooms. In particular, the catheter rooms involved in the treatment are basically managed and used in strict accordance with the specifications of the operating room. In a broad sense, these departments are also expanded operating rooms. These quasi operating rooms are built in the old hospital in a timely manner. The new hospital should comprehensively consider the layout between these departments and the conventional operating rooms.
手术室感染控制原则
Principles of infection control in operating room
防止和降低手术感染是
手术室建设很基本的要求，感染控制的方法有：
Preventing and reducing surgical infection is a very basic requirement for the construction of the operating room. The methods of infection control include:
(1)通过术前备皮和术中对非手术区域的无菌覆盖，减少患者自身感染；(2)对手术用具和物品的严格消毒或隔离，减少外源接触感染；(3)降低空气中的灰尘和微生物粒子，减少悬浮污染物的扩散感染；(4)使用抗生素。这是一种补救措施，其靠
药物往控制已发生的感染。
(1) Through preoperative skin preparation and aseptic coverage of non-surgical areas during the operation, the patient's self infection can be reduced; (2) Strictly disinfect or isolate surgical instruments and articles to reduce external contact infection; (3) Reduce the dust and microbial particles in the air and reduce the diffusion and infection of suspended pollutants; (4) Use antibiotics. This is a remedial measure that relies on drugs to control the infection that has occurred.
我国目前普遍存在的题目是，只注重预防感染结果，而忽略了对感染的全过程控制。临床表现是依靠大量抗生素来减少术后感染率，而对手术无菌过程缺乏严格控制。
At present, the common problem in our country is that we only pay attention to the prevention of infection results and neglect the whole process control of infection. The clinical manifestation is to rely on a large number of antibiotics to reduce the postoperative infection rate, while the aseptic process of the operation lacks strict control.
为减少抗生素的滥用，必须进步手术室洁净水平，严格无菌操纵和治理，加强对整个手术过程的控制，切断所有可能的污染途径(包括空气)，阻止细菌接触手术创口进进人体。
In order to reduce the abuse of antibiotics, it is necessary to improve the cleanliness level of the operating room, strictly control the aseptic operation and treatment, strengthen the control of the whole operation process, cut off all possible pollution channels (including air), and prevent bacteria from contacting the surgical wound and entering the human body.
