手术室的无菌设计以及可维修原则
手术室无菌设计涉及建筑和装饰各个方面，如室内装修要求，灭菌方法，设施的自动控制等。下面手术室设计厂家来讲讲手术室的无菌设计以及可维修原则相关内容。
Aseptic design of operating room involves all aspects of architecture and decoration, such as indoor decoration requirements, sterilization methods, automatic control of facilities, etc. Next, the operating room designer will talk about the aseptic design and maintenance principle of the operating room.
手术室的无菌设计
Aseptic design of operating room
洁净手术室的建设和使用是非常昂贵的，每简洁净手术室都要采用独立设置的
净化空调机组，净化系统至少设有三级空气过滤，天花板集中送风满布率大于0.75，换气次数20~36次/小时，对100级层流手术室工作面均匀风速要达到(0.25-0.35)m／s，很小新风量60m3／h·人，以及噪声、压力、温度和湿度的要求等等，这一切全都依靠巨大的电力消耗来支撑。
The construction and use of the clean operating room is very expensive. Each clean operating room shall be equipped with an independent purification air-conditioning unit. The purification system shall be equipped with at least three levels of air filtration. The full distribution rate of centralized air supply from the ceiling shall be greater than 0.75, and the ventilation rate shall be 20-36 times / hour. The uniform wind speed of the working face of the 100 level laminar flow operating room shall reach (0.25-0.35) m / s, the small fresh air volume shall be 60m3 / h · person, and the requirements of noise, pressure, temperature and humidity, etc, All this is supported by huge power consumption.
洁净程度越高，其建造本钱、运行用度和能耗也越多。因此，洁净手术室的建设要充分考虑到运行经济性和临床有效性，是否需要建设高洁净度的控制空间，如单向层流洁净手术室要全面慎重地进行论证。
The higher the degree of cleanliness, the more the construction cost, operation cost and energy consumption. Therefore, the construction of clean operating room should fully consider the operation economy and clinical effectiveness. Whether it is necessary to build a control space with high cleanliness, such as one-way laminar flow clean operating room, should be comprehensively and prudently demonstrated.
应当熟悉到，引发感染的途径多种多样，主要是接触途径，并非空气途径。空气净化措施只对预防患者感染具有潜伏上风，并不能保证患者尽对不受感染。往往区域无菌程度越高、治理越严的手术室，病人通过直接接触感染或医生
无菌操纵不当而引起感染的可能性越大。因此加强综合无菌控制和治理，制定全过程、全方位的保障措施，也是无菌手术室建设的重要工作。
It should be recognized that there are many ways to cause infection, mainly through contact, not through air. Air purification measures only have a latent advantage in preventing patients from infection, and can not guarantee that patients will not be infected. In the operating room with higher aseptic degree and stricter management, the patients are more likely to be infected through direct contact or improper aseptic manipulation by doctors. Therefore, it is also an important work for the construction of aseptic operating room to strengthen the comprehensive aseptic control and management and formulate the whole process and all-round guarantee measures.
可维修原则
Maintainability principle
高级洁净手术室在应用中，不可避免地面临设施维护及升级，医疗设备安装等各种施工工程，如何对施工手术室进行有效隔离，从而不影响其他房间工作，也是手术部分设计须考虑的题目。老式设计的手术室只要有一间手术室需要施工，就破坏了整个无菌系统，造成整个手术部分都不能开展工作。
In the application of advanced clean operating room, it is inevitable to face various construction projects such as facility maintenance and upgrading, medical equipment installation, etc. How to effectively isolate the construction operating room so as not to affect the work of other rooms is also a subject to be considered in the design of the operation part. In the old-fashioned operating room, as long as one operating room needs to be constructed, the entire aseptic system will be destroyed and the entire operating part will not be able to work.
如何从设计上保证今后使用中的可维修性也是手术室设计是否成功的重要因素，新洁净手术室的建设应尽量采用新型墙体和装饰建材，既减少墙体占用面积，又便于风道和各种水、电、气管路以及放射防护的安装与施工，今后维护和修理也可减少施工粉尘和垃圾，进步工作效率，降低对临床工作的干扰和影响。
How to ensure the maintainability in the future is also an important factor for the success of the design of the operating room. The construction of the new clean operating room should try to use new wall and decorative building materials, which can not only reduce the occupied area of the wall, but also facilitate the installation and construction of air ducts, various water, electricity, gas pipelines and radiation protection. The maintenance and repair in the future can also reduce construction dust and garbage, improve work efficiency, Reduce the interference and impact on clinical work.
对于安装布置众多送、回风管道和各种水、气、电及通讯管线非常有利，同时也便于安置各级洁净间独立或共用的设备机组，在手术层面不用预留相当面积的机房等，进步手术室面积使用效率，缩短流线长度。其减少手术室吊顶内施工的复杂性，大部分设备维护工作可以在夹层中进行，从而减少对手术室工作的影响。
It is very advantageous for the installation and arrangement of many air supply and return pipes and various water, gas, electricity and communication pipelines, and it is also convenient for the placement of independent or common equipment units in clean rooms at all levels. It is not necessary to reserve a considerable area of machine room at the operating level, so as to improve the area utilization efficiency of the operating room and shorten the streamline length. It reduces the complexity of construction in the ceiling of the operating room, and most of the equipment maintenance can be carried out in the interlayer, thus reducing the impact on the work of the operating room.
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